acgif;pOf;ESifh tnD trSefwu,fyiftcsdefwefav+yD/ 1962 uwnf;u ESpfaygif; (45)ESpfwdkifwdkif wpfygwDtm%m&SifpESpf/ ppftm%m&SifpESpfjzifh pdwfwdkif;us vdkovdk tkyfcsKyfcJhonfrSm jynfoltrsm;vnf;zGwfrGJ jymus qif&JvS av+yD/ EdkifiHvnf; &Sdor# o,HZmw ypPnf;rsm;xkwfa&mif;cJh onfhwdkifatmif wpfpHkwpf&mwdk;wuf ajymif;vJvmonf[k ajymIr&Edkif;avmufatmif ab;tdrfeD;csifEdkifiHESifh E_dif;,SOfvdkufv#if tifrwefr# aemuf aumufusuGm[vSygonf? (62) rwdkifcif ab;tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHxuf rsm;pGm;wdk;wufaomEdkifiHjzpfonf[k pmxnf; rSmvnf;zwfzl;ygonf/ tjyifbufa&mufvdk@ oifwef;wuf&if; trsm;}uD;vnf; =um;odcJhzl;ay +yD/ rdrdwpfudk,fa& aumif;pm;a&;/ rdrdtm%ma&&Snfwnf+rJa&; [laomt,lqGJ rl0g'rsm;udkjyifoifhay+yD/ bk&ifvdkvdk/ oufOD;qHydkifp ESpf/ ppfom;vdkvdk t&yfom;vdkvdk/ tm%m&SifpESpf acwfonfvnf;/ vSnf;tdk }uD;wpfpif;vdk tdka[mif;/ EGrf;v# acwfaemufus usefcJhav +yD/ wpfajrwnf;ae wpfa&wnf;aomufae=uaom wdkif;&if;om;(Armwdkif;&if;om; tygt0if) rsm;tm;vHk;onf vGefcJhaomESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuyif at;twl yltr# twlwuGaexdkifvmcJhaoma=umifh tcsif;csif;zrf;qD;owfzsufaecsif;xuf pkaygif;nDnGwfI r#waom zuf'&,fEdkifiHwpfckwnfaxmifI wdk;wuf&m wdk;wufa=umif;vkyfaqmifoifhay+yD/ EdkifiHwumESifh ,SOfabmifwef;Edkif&eftwGuf wpfOD;wpfa,muf wpfpk wpfzGJ tusKd;tm;av#mhcsI trsm;tusKd;twGuf yl;aygif;vkyfaqmif&ef tcsdefwefav +yD/ trSefwu,fyif tcsdefwef av+yD?
tjyifzufa&mufonfudk uHqdk;onf[kqdk&rnfh =um;uyif uHaumif;axmufrpGmjzifh oifwef;rsKd;pHkwufcJh &onf/ EdkifiHwumudktvG,fwuljrifEdkifonfh rsufrSefwyfcGifh&cJhonf ,kwfqGtqHk; udk,fhEdkifiH&J@ jzpf&yfrSeftajc aeudk udk,fjyefjrifEdkif cJhonf? +yD;cJhonfh (29/30) ZGefvxJrSm International Organizations(IOs) EdkifiH wumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ta=umif; ESifhyufoufI NLD (LA)( Youth) wGifjyKvkyfaom ESpf&ufoifwef;odk@ wufa&muf aqG;aEG;cGifh &cJhonf? rdrdvdk vli,fawGygovdk rdrdEdkifiHESifhywfoufItawG@=uHK &ifhaom/ EdkifiHwum tawG@ t=uHK&Sdaomolrsm;vnf;ygonf/ tawG@=uHK&ifholrsm;. zvS,fay;r_a=umif;rsm;pGm A[kokw&+yD; pOf;pm; twk,lp&m/ enf;vrf;wpfpHkwpf&m;awG;wwf&ef taxmufulrsm;pGm&cJhavonf?
aqG;aEG;yGJwGif UN/ ILO/ EU/US/ UNICEF/ ICRC wdk@vdkEdkifiHwumtzGJ@ tpnf;eJ@ EdkifiHwumawG&J@ tm;ay; vkyfaqmifr_awG/ olwdk@vkyfaqmifwJhenf;vrf;awG/ olwdk@&J@axmufyHhay;r_ ta=umif;awGtrsm;}uD;aqG; aEG;jzpfcJh=uonf? 'DEdkifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;awG&J@ zGJ@pnf;xm;yHkawG/ olwdk@&J@OD;wnfcsufawG/ tjypfay;ta&;,lyHk awG/ olwdk@&J@ rl0g' t,lqawG/ jrefrmEdkifiHeJ@qufpyfvkyfaqmifr_awG/ 'Drdkua&pDESifh vl@tcGifhta&;tjynfht0&SdwJh EdkifiH wpfckjzpfzdk@twGuf zdtm;trsKd;rsKd;/ enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;eJ@ vkyfaqmifaeyHkawGudkvnf;aqG;aEG;jzpfcJh=uw,f? usaemf twGufEdkifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;awGeJ@ywfouf+yD; trsm;}uD; tawG@t}uHK& apcJhygw,f? 'DrSmaemufwpfck usaemf pdwf0ifpm;wmu Oa&myEdkifiHrsm; or*~ta=umif;aqG;aEG;=uwmudkbJ?
bma=umifhvnf;qdkawmh Confederation vdk@ac:wJh jynfaxmifrsm; (EdkifiHrsm;) pkzJG@xm;yHk/EdkifiH}uD; }uD;wpfckvdkyHkpHrsKd; zJG@pnf;xm;+yD; tJ'Dor*~rSmyg0ifwJhEdkifiHawG&J@ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fazmufumr_ vkyfEdkifyHkawG/ EdkifiHul;vufrSwfawmifrvdkbJeJ@oGm;vmEdkifyHkawG/ 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHwpfckvdkbJ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ Oya'jyKa&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&; qdk+yD;pESpfwusxm;w,f/ wpfckESifhwpfck a&maESm qGwfzufwJhyHkpHawGr&SdbJ tjyeftvSefxdef;csKyf vkyfaqmif=uyHkawG/ pESpfwusudk,fpm;vS,fawG a&$aumufwifajrSmufyHkawG/ tzGJ@0if (27) EdkifiHvHk;tvSnfhus OuUX tjzpf (6)vwpf}udrf vSJvS,fvkyfaqmif=uyHkawG/ EdkifiHwumtzGJ@pnf;awGeJ@ qufpyfvkyfaqmifyHkawG/ vl@tcGifhta&;umuG,fjrifhwifyHkawG eJ@ vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufwJh EdkifiHawG/ 'Drdkua&pDjyKjyifajymif;vJzdk@vdkwJh EdkifiHawGeJ@ ywfouf+yD;olwdk@&J@vkyfaqmifyHkawG/ tjypfay;ta&;,lwJhenf;vrf;awGudkvnf; awG@&w,f ('gayrJh ta&xl+yD; w&kwfyaxG;eJ@ ukvm;yaxG; tm;udk;&SdaewJh etz/ udk,fusKd;eJ@ tm%mwnf+rJa&;twGufyJ =unfhwJh etz twGufuawmh olwdk@&J@enf;vrf;awGu&,fp&mjzpfaew,f/ olu UN ay;rJjypf'%fudkrSa=umuf r,fqdkwJh oabmrsKd;)?
'DrSm usaemfjrifrdwmu urBmw0Srf;vHk;rSm tm%m&SifpESpfuae/ trsm;oabmeJ@ trsm;tusKd;udkOD;pm; ayvkyfaqmifwJh 'Drdkua&pDvdk[mrsKd;udkajymif;vJvm=uwmawG/ jynfe,fawGpkaygif;xm;wJh Federal jynfaxmif pkEdkifiHawG/ tJ'Duaewqifh jynfe,fawGr[kwfawmhbJ EdkifiHawG pkaygif;+yD; Confederation jynfaxmifrsm;pk zGJ@onfh yHkpHawG udktESH@tjym;awG@&Sdvm&w,f? aemufaESmifqdk&if Globalization urBm@&Gm/ urBm@EdkifiH}uD;wpfck tjzpf udka&muf&SdvmEdkifw,fvdk@ usaemfxifygw,f? 'Dvdk pkaygif;vkyfaqmifvmwJh tajcaeawG/ ajymif;vJvmwJh tajc aeawG udkurBm@tESH@rSmawG@ae&wmawmif usaemfwdk@ EdkifiHu Federal jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH tjzpfajymif;vJzdk@ udk cGJxGufa&;qdk+yD;ajymae=ur,f/ EdkifiH+ydKuGJatmifvkyfaew,fvdk@ajymae=ur,f/ 'gudkvufrcHEdkif=ubl;qdk&if/ EdkifiH wumeJ@&ifabmifwef;zdk@/ urBmESifh tnDvdkufEdkifzdk@/ EdkifiHwGif; wef;wlnDr#r_awGvkyfEdkifzdk@ b,fvdkrSjzpfvmEdkifrSm r[kwfbl;/ b,fawmhrSvnf;+idrf;csrf;vmEdkifrSm r[kwfygbl;?
'geJ@ qufpyf+yD;pOf;pm;rdwmu tck etz jyefac:r,fvdk@ajymaewJh trsKd;om;nDvmcHudpPbJ/ nDvmcHjzpf ajrmufa&; OuUX/ twGif;a&;rSL;(1) 'kwd, AdkvfcsKyf}uD; odef;pdef u nDvmcHt+yD;owfusif;yrSmjzpfw,f/ y,foifh wmy,f/ jyifoifhwmjyif Edkifw,fvdk@w&m;0ifa=ujimxm;w,f/ 'geJ@ywfouf+yD; (88) ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif awGuawmh a&$;aumufyGJEdkifudk,fpm;vS,fawG/ trsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfeJ@/ wdkif;&if;om;udk,fpmvS,fawG yg0ifaqG;aEG;oifhw,fvdkwdkufwGefxm;w,f/ t}udrf}udrf eJ@ trsKd;rsKd; vSnfh+yD;vdrfaevdk@ odyfr,Hk=unf&JwJhvlawGvJ &Sdw,f aom=umae@ BBC ar;jref;cefxJrSm rGefjynfopfygwDu ajyma&;qdkcGifh&Sdol Edkif;atmifrai; u bmawG udkjyifr,f qdkwmudkwdwdususxkwfazmfrjyxm;wJh twGuf r,Hkk=unfEdkifbl;qdkwJh ta=umif;ajymcJhygw,f? tm;vHkk;u obm0us+yD; jzpfEdkifwmawGbJ usaemftaeeJ@ qdk&ifawmh yGifhyGifhvif;vif; aqG;aEG;+yD; trsm;oabmwl nFDcsufudk,lr,fqdk&if (88) ausmif;omacgif;aqmifawGajymovdkbJ a&$;aumufyGJEdkifudk,fpm; vS,fawG/ trsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfeJ@/ wdkif;&if;om;udk,fpmvS,fawG w&m;0ifa=ujim+yDF;0ifa&muf aqG;aEG; oifhygw,f? 'gqdk&if tjyKoabmaqmifwJh/ taygif;vuQ%maqmifwJh jyKjyifajymif;vJr_awG jzpfvmEdkifw,f vdk@jrifw,f/ tu,fI tE_wf vuQ%maqmifwJh vkyfaqmifcsufawG aqmif&GufcJhr,fqdk &ifvnf;EdkifiHwumod atmif/ udk,fhjynfolvlxkawG vdrfcHae&wmawGodatmif/ trsm;}uD;vkyfaqmifEdkifr,f vdk@,lqygw,f? EdkifiHw umtv,frSm 'Dxuf}uD;rm;wJh t&Sufw&m;rsKd;udkawmh etz taeeJ@vkyf0Hhr,frxifbl;/ tu,fIvkyfaqmifcJh &ifvnf; oleJ@xdkufwefwJh jypf'%fcH&vdrfhr,fvdk@ ,lqygw,f?
jyKjyifajymif;vJzdk@/ Federal jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH tjzpfajymif;vJzdk@ / EdkifiHwumeJ@,SOfaygifwef;Edkifzdk@ etz tygt0if a&$;aumufyGJEdkifudk,fpm; vS,fawG/ trsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfeJ@/ wdkif;&if;om;udk,fpmvS,fawG tm; vHk;yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&Gufoifh+yDqdkaom (88) ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif rsm;&J@xkwfjyefcsufeJ@tnD vkyfaqmifoifh ay+yD/ rdrd tusKd;/ rdrdtm%mwnf+rJa&;xuf rdrdEdkifiHwdk;wufa&;/ wajrwnf;aewdkif;&if;om;nDudkrsm; pnf;vHkk;nD nGwfa&; wef;wlnDr#a&;/ urBmESifhtnD EdkifiHwumESifhtnD ,SOfaygifwef;ajy;Edkifzdk etz taeESifh Federal jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH tjzpfajymif;vJ&ef tcsdefwefyg+yD/ 'grSr[kwfv#ifjynfol eJ@ EdkifiHwum&J@ jypf'%fcwfjcif;cH&ay rnf? ppftpdk;& EdkifiHudkjyKjyifajymif;vJ&ef tcsdefwefav+yD? ?
Mai Aik Dyat